RESEARCH OF CATCHMENT EROSION-FLUVIAL SYSTEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND RESULTS

The erosion-accumulative activity of water flows occurs on different spatial scales at different levels of catchment erosion-fluvial systems (CEFS). The article presents the main results of studies carried out by the scientific school of the Makkaveev Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes at Moscow State University. These studies are devoted to the main components of CEFS – slopes and interfluves, river channels, as well as sediment runoff connecting these spatially separated zones of the river basin. Each of the research areas is characterized in terms of the most relevant technologies – physical models and models of shared contribution, balance approaches applicable to interfluves; the method of hydrodynamic modeling of channel flows; sediment runoff monitoring technologies. Data are presented on the intensity of erosion-accumulative processes on the slopes of temperate watersheds and estimates of sediment delivery from watersheds of different sizes to the river network. This article examines methods for studying river floodplains, their formation and evolution, and mapping principles, as well as practical aspects of floodplain development and the mapping of economic activity within them. Using the largest river basins in the Russian Federation (the Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Kolyma) as examples, it is shown that under modern hydroclimatic conditions, these areas are accumulation zones, where the sediment load transported outside the river basin is significantly lower than the sediment mass transported by erosion processes in the catchment area and river channels.

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