serpЭрозия почв и русловые процессыSoil erosion and river channel processes3034-4638Limited Liability Company “Expert laboratory ”Hydroinformational systems”10.71367/3034-4638-2024-1-1-107-121serp-9Research ArticleСтатьиЭрозионно-русловые системы в условиях горнодобывающей деятельностиFluvial systems affected by open-cast miningЧаловС. Р.ChalovS.

Сергей Романович Чалов, доктор географических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

кафедра гидрологии суши; географический факультет; Научно-исследовательская лаборатория эрозии почв и русловых процессовим. Н.И. Маккавеева 

Москва

Sergey Chalov

Faculty of Geography

Moscow

srchalov@geogr.msu.ruМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20242412202401107121Copyright © Чалов С.Р., 20242024Чалов С.Р.Chalov S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.sediment.ru/jour/article/view/9

   В статье обобщены данные о влиянии добычи россыпной платины в бассейне р. Вывенки (Камчатский край), основанные на многолетних исследованиях с 2003 по 2022 гг. и дополненные мониторинговыми наблюдениями в районах добычи россыпного золота в бассейне р. Лангери (о. Сахалин) в 2015–2016 гг., р. Туул (Монголия) в 2011–2015 гг., месторождений апатит-нефелиновых пород р. Юкспоррйок (Хибинский горный массив) в 2017–2018 гг. и меди в бассейне р. Наутанен (Швеция) в 2017–2018 гг., на эрозионно-русловые системы указанных территорий. Рассмотрены особенности изменения эрозионно-аккумулятивных процессов после отработки месторождений при осуществлении рекультивации и без нее. Приводятся примеры изменения составляющих баланса наносов, сделан вывод о важнейшей роли сбросов технологических вод и русловой эрозии в трансформации стока наносов и его химического состава в бассейнах, где ведется горнодобывающая деятельность. Обсуждаются особенности воздействия добычи на эрозионно-русловые системы на разных этапах ведения разработок и после их прекращения.

   The paper present data on the impact of placer platinum mining in the Vyvenka River basin (Kamchatka Krai), based on long-term observations from 2003 to 2022, in the areas of placer gold mining in the Langeri River basin (Sakhalin Island) (2015–2016), the Tuul River (Mongolia) (2011–2015), and the apatite-nepheline deposits of the Yuksporryok River (Khibiny Mountains) (2017–2018) and copper in the Nautanen River basin (Sweden) (2017–2018) on the fluvial systems. Changes in fluvial processes of the abandonded mining sites influenced by reclamation measures are discussed. Examples of changes in sediment budget components are given, special role of effluents and channel erosion on sediment transport and its chemical composition in rivers is discussed. Specifically, the review is focused on the different stages of mining development and after their abandonment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.