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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">serp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эрозия почв и русловые процессы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soil erosion and river channel processes</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-4638</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Limited Liability Company “Expert laboratory ”Hydroinformational systems”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.71367/3034-4638-2024-1-1-35-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">serp-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция верхних звеньев эрозионных систем Русской равнины в области московского оледенения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of the upper reaches of erosion systems in the Russian plain in the area of the Moscow glaciation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Валерьевич Панин, д. г. н., заместитель директора</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.panin@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорчук</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorchuk</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Юрьевич Сидорчук, д. г. н., г л. н. с.</p><p>географический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fluvial05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Кимовна Борисова, д. г. н., гл. н. с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisova@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Ростиславович Беляев, к. г. н., вед. н. с.</p><p>географический факультет; Научно-иссл. лаб. эрозии почв и русловых процессов им. Н.И. Маккавеева</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.r.belyaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>Y. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Ростиславович Беляев, к. г. н., доцент</p><p>географический факультет; кафедра геоморфологии и палеогеографии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yrbel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Владимирович Власов, к. г. н., гл. геолог</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasov-maxim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еременко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Андреевна Еременко, к. г. н., доцент</p><p>географический факультет; кафедра геоморфологии и палеогеографии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eremenkoeaig@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фузеина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fuseina</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Николаевна Фузеина, к. г. н., доцент</p><p>географический факультет; кафедра геоморфологии и палеогеографии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">donaldw@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеремецкая</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheremetskaya</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Дмитриевна Шеремецкая, гл. специалист</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheremetskaya@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ФРЭКОМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FRECOM Ltd.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панин А.В., Сидорчук А.Ю., Борисова О.К., Беляев В.Р., Беляев Ю.Р., Власов М.В., Еременко Е.А., Фузеина Ю.Н., Шеремецкая Е.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панин А.В., Сидорчук А.Ю., Борисова О.К., Беляев В.Р., Беляев Ю.Р., Власов М.В., Еременко Е.А., Фузеина Ю.Н., Шеремецкая Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panin A.V., Sidorchuk A.Y., Borisova O.K., Belyaev V.R., Belyaev Y.R., Vlasov M.V., Eremenko E.A., Fuseina Y.N., Sheremetskaya E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.sediment.ru/jour/article/view/5">https://journal.sediment.ru/jour/article/view/5</self-uri><abstract><p>   Верховья речных систем на Восточно-Европейской равнине между границами поздневалдайского (морская изотопная стадия 2 – МИС 2) и московского (МИС 6) оледенений развивались в течение последних 150 000 лет. В течение этого времени имели место, по меньшей мере, три климатических эпизода, характеризовавшихся очень высоким относительно современного поверхностным стоком, вызывавшим интенсивную глубинную и регрессивную эрозию: в конце МИС 6, во второй половине МИС 2 и в среднем голоцене. Водоразделы, осваиваемые эрозионными системами, имеют мозаичное геологическое строение, от трудно эродируемых морен до легкоразмываемых песчаных отложений. В моренах основное углубление эрозионных форм произошло в доголоценовое время. Даже относительно крупные формы, такие как балки, еще не достигли вогнутых продольных профилей. Общей тенденцией их развития было углубление. Короткие эпизоды врезания, происходившие во время климатических интервалов с повышенным водным стоком, чередовались с длительными периодами стабилизации. В голоцене наиболее крупные эрозионные события, связываемые с эпизодами аномальной интенсивности атмосферных осадков (вероятно, ливневых), приурочены к интервалу времени от 6 до 3 тысяч лет назад. В разные отрезки этого интервала на участках с достаточно высокими уклонами и сложенных песчаными отложениями зарождались единичные овраги. Эти овраги быстро достигли предельных размеров и в настоящее время имеют выработанные вогнутые продольные профили. Все остальные овраги, прорезающие морены и коренные породы, образовались в доголоценовое время, но до сих пор далеки от выработанного состояния и имеют выпуклые, выпукло-вогнутые, ступенчатые формы продольных профилей. Разнообразие водосборных площадей, начальных уклонов склонов и свойств геологического субстрата, обусловливающих его устойчивость к эрозии, привело к большим различиям в эволюции верхних звеньев речных систем в пределах области московского оледенения по сравнению с более однородными ландшафтными условиями внеледниковых областей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The headwaters of the river systems on the East European Plain between the boundaries of the Late Valdai (Marine Isotope Stage 2 – MIS 2) and the Moscow (MIS 6) glaciations developed during the last 150,000 years. During this time, there were at least three climatic episodes characterised by very high relative to modern surface runoff causing intense deep and backward erosion: at the end of MIS 6, in the second half of MIS 2 and in the middle Holocene. Watersheds cut by erosion systems have a mosaic geological structure, from hard-erodible glacial tills (moraines) to low-resistance sandy deposits. In moraines, the main deepening of erosional forms occurred in pre-Holocene time. Even relatively large forms such as balkas (dry valleys) have not yet reached concave longitudinal profiles. The general trend of their development was deepening. Short episodes of incision, occurring during climatic intervals with increased water flow, alternated with long periods of stabilisation. In the Holocene, the largest erosion events associated with episodes of anomalous intensity of atmospheric precipitation (probably heavy rainfall) are dated to the time interval from 6 to 3 thousand years ago. In different parts of this interval, single gullies appeared in areas with sufficiently high gradients and sandy substrates. These gullies quickly reached their ultimate size and now have graded concave longitudinal profiles. All other gullies cutting through moraines and bedrock were formed in pre-Holocene time, but are still far from being graded and have convex, convex-concave and stepped longitudinal profiles. The diversity of catchment areas, initial slope gradients, and properties of the geological substrate that determine its resistance to erosion has led to great differences in the evolution of the upper reaches of river systems within the Moscow glaciation area compared to the more homogeneous landscape conditions of the extra-glacial areas of the Russia Plain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>овраг</kwd><kwd>балка</kwd><kwd>врезание</kwd><kwd>аккумуляция</kwd><kwd>МИС 6</kwd><kwd>МИС 2</kwd><kwd>позднеледниковье</kwd><kwd>голоцен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dry valley (balka)</kwd><kwd>gully</kwd><kwd>incision</kwd><kwd>aggradation</kwd><kwd>MIS 6</kwd><kwd>MIS 2</kwd><kwd>the Late Glacial</kwd><kwd>the Holocene</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по планам НИР (ГЗ) кафедры геоморфологии и палеогеографии (проект № 121040100323-5) и научно-исследовательской лаборатории эрозии почв и русловых процессов им. Н.И. Маккавеева (проект № 121051100166-4) МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under the State Task-force of the Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography (project No. 121040100323-5) and the Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Channel Processes named after N.I. Makkaveev (project No. 121051100166-4) of Lomonosov Moscow State University (project No. 121051100166-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов С.И., Гунова В.С., Рычагов Г.И., Судакова Н.Г. Развитие долины р. Протвы в позднем неоплейстоцене. Вестник Моск. ун-та. Сер. 5. География. 2019. № 4. С. 88–99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov S.I., Gunova V.S., Rychagov G.I., Sudakova N.G. (2019) Development of the Protva River valley in the late Neopleistocene. Vestnik Mosk. Ser. 5. 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